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Democratic vice-presidential candidate Tim Walz's military record has been under scrutiny since he was announced as Kamala Harris's running mate.
Historic accusations made by some veterans have been revived by his opposite number, Republican JD Vance, who himself served in the military.
Mr Vance says that Mr Walz intentionally avoided combat in Iraq by resigning shortly before his unit was deployed there, and that he has been dishonest about his role in the military.
We’ve looked into his record and the military service of Mr Vance.
Why did Walz retire from the military?
Mr Vance claimed: “When Tim Walz was asked by his country to go to Iraq, you know what he did? He dropped out of the army and allowed his unit to go without him.”
Several former National Guard colleagues have previously publicly voiced frustrations at Mr Walz’s decision to leave their unit before deployment to Iraq - but others have rejected assertions that he retired to avoid combat duty.
Mr Walz served for 24 years in the Army National Guard, a military force which is usually deployed within the US to respond to events such as natural disasters, but is also part of the US Army’s reserve.
In February 2005, while he was still in the National Guard, Mr Walz filed an application, external to run to be elected as a member of Congress from Minnesota.
The following month it was announced that there would be “a possible partial mobilisation of roughly 2,000 troops from the Minnesota National Guard” to Iraq within the next two years, according to a 2005 press release, external from Mr Walz’s congressional campaign.
In the statement, Mr Walz said: “I do not yet know if my artillery unit will be part of this mobilisation.”
He added: “I don’t want to speculate on what shape my campaign will take if I am deployed, but I have no plans to drop out of the race."
Mr Walz then retired from the National Guard in May 2005, which he later said was so he could focus fully on running for Congress.
It’s unclear exactly when he submitted his resignation notice. We’ve asked both the National Guard and the Harris campaign when this was.
His National Guard unit received orders to mobilise for Iraq in July 2005, and was sent there in March 2006, according to the battalion’s history page., external
Image source, Getty Images
Did Walz ever experience combat?
Mr Vance also says Mr Walz made “dishonest” claims about serving in combat.
He referred to a video promoted by the Harris campaign of Mr Walz talking about gun control.
In the clip, external, from 2018, he said that he "carried weapons in war".
On 9 August, the Harris campaign issued a statement saying that “in making the case for why weapons of war should never be on our streets or in our classrooms, the Governor misspoke”.
Mr Walz went to Italy with the National Guard in 2003 as part of support for the US war in Afghanistan - but he was never deployed to an active war zone.
On 13 August, Mr Walz responded directly to his critics, recalling that he'd joined the National Guard aged 17: "I served for the next 24 years for the same reason all my brothers and sisters do, we love this country. Then in 2005 I felt the call of duty again, this time giving service to my country in the halls of Congress."
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Did he mislead about his rank?
The Trump campaign says Mr Walz “continues telling the lie that he retired as a Command Sergeant Major”.
His official biography on the Minnesota state website says, external “Command Sergeant Major Walz retired from the 1-125th Field Artillery Battalion in 2005.”
He did reach the rank of command sergeant major near the end of his service, but he officially retired one rank below as a master sergeant.
A national guard spokesperson told the BBC that “his rank reverted to master sergeant on May 15th, 2005, for benefit purposes because he did not complete additional coursework at the US Army Sergeants Major Academy. He retired the following day.”
What's Vance's military record?
Image source, Getty Images
Mr Vance served for four years in the US Marine Corps.
He was deployed to Iraq for about six months in 2005 as a military journalist, although he didn't experience combat.
“I was lucky to escape any real fighting,” he said in his 2016 memoir.
He left the Marine Corps in 2007 as a corporal to attend Ohio State University.
This article, first published on 8 August, was updated to reflect a statement on 9 August from the Harris campaign on Mr Walz's comment that he carried weapons "in war". It was further updated to add a response on this issue from Mr Walz on 13 August.
Related topics
- Democratic Party
- US election 2024
- Tim Walz
- United States
